Wearable Controlled Release Devices (W-CRDs) as the next generation spatial protection strategy against mosquitoes

Wearable Controlled Release Devices (W-CRDs) represent the next generation spatial protective equipment against mosquitoes. W-CRDs were designed to be integrated with the standard US military equipment and uniforms. W-CRDs are based on a versatile technology platform designed to maximize long term efficacy and optimize spatial protection. W-CRDs integrate customized formulations of Spatial Repellents (SRs) with advanced materials for optimizing spatial protection. Multiple iterative design-manufacturing-testing cycles were implemented to optimize product development by including multiple variables: controlled release rate, payload, duration stability, materials choice, ergonomics, inputs from the Army. W-CRDs were designed and their performance simulated using numerical simulations based on Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD). W-CRDs were initially prototyped using 3D printing technology, subsequently manufactured using advanced injection molding, and assembled and packaged for long term storage. W-CRDs were tested using Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (GCMS) to characterize the release rates as a function of time. W-CRDs were tested with transfluthrin, and tested in multiple scenarios showing remarkable performance in terms of reduction of number of bites, high mortality rates and repellency. Entomological experiments were performed to characterize efficacy against Aedes aegypti. Experimental results show that within 15 min, 90% of mosquitoes were knocked down in small cage assays employing approximately 100 mosquitoes at a time, and approximately 65% mortality over a 24-h period in an outdoor test, as well as approximately 75% repellency within 25 min. Acceptability studies will be performed at Fort Polk to further test the overall acceptance of the devices during military training.