Approach of sustainable landscaping programs to support wildlife and enhance ecosystem services in U.S. backyards

Sustainable landscaping programs aim to improve the ecological quality of residential landscapes by providing materials and resources. We examined the value of sustainable landscaping programs in the United States for wildlife conservation and water quality. Residential landscapes associated with these programs can support greater biodiversity and species richness, affordably manage stormwater runoff, and offer residents meaningful experiences with nature. However, ecological studies of sustainable landscaping programs have been limited to assessments of specific taxa or landscape elements, and we do not understand what practices best support biodiversity at relevant scales. Furthermore, we have limited knowledge on what features make a program successful for human participation and wellbeing. We also note that participation is likely limited by cost of participation, lack of diverse representation, and failure to engage communities who have been marginalized in conservation efforts. Despite these challenges, sustainable landscaping programs present many opportunities for cultivating interdisciplinary research collaboration, advancing inclusion in conservation, and improving the ecological and social value of residential landscapes.