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Systematics, Evolution, and Biodiversity

10-Minute Paper

SysEB: Biodiversity On-Demand Presentations

Biogeographical history of the most species rich genus of hawkmoths (Sphingidae: Macroglossinae: Xylophanes)

On-Demand
On-Demand

Species distribution patterns depend on speciation, extinction, emigration, immigration processes, and first colonization time. Accordingly, bioregions play different but not mutually exclusive roles in shaping the current pattern: cradle (high speciation rate), museum (low extinction rate), source (high emigration rate), sink (high immigration rate), and ‘time-for-speciation’ (early colonization). Xylophanes is the most species rich genus of hawkmoths with over 110 named species. Species of Xylophanes are distributed in North and South America with higher diversity in Mesoamerica, Andes, Amazonia, and Atlantic Forest, all of which are well-known biodiversity hotspots. We integrated phylogenomic data with DNA barcodes and generated a time-calibrated phylogeny for this genus. We used event-based likelihood ancestral area estimation, and biogeographical stochastic mapping to examine the speciation and dispersal dynamics among bioregions. Our study provides the first insight into the biogeographic history of Xylophanes hawkmoths as well as the evolutionary mechanisms underlying the Neotropical hotspots.