Plant-Insect Ecosystems
10-Minute Paper
Todd D. Johnson
Postdoctoral Research Associate
University of New Hampshire
Dover, New Hampshire
Casey C. Coupe
University of New Hampshire
Durham, New Hampshire
Chris Ziadeh
University of New Hampshire
Durham, New Hampshire
Dalton Wilbur
University of New Hampshire
Durham, New Hampshire
Juli R. Gould
Entomologist
USDA-APHIS
Buzzards Bay, Massachusetts
Jeff R. Garnas
University of New Hampshire
Durham, New Hampshire
Phytophagous insects that feed in concealed locations such as under the bark of trees consume and live within their host-plants in often-characteristic tunnels known as galleries. The patterns created are the culmination of trade-offs between maximizing access to high-quality nutrients and minimizing interactions with plant defensive metabolites, limiting apparency to natural enemies, and avoiding competitors. We designed a field study to evaluate the success of larvae of the emerald ash borer, Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire, in two species of its host plants (Fraxinus spp.) in North America across trees of different sizes proposed to vary in their suitability to the beetle. Two species of parasitoids that attack A. planipennis were also introduced to evaluate levels of parasitism under these conditions. Gallery characteristics such as length and structure were predicted to vary according to the suitability of host material, and that these characteristics would influence the development of larvae of A. planipennis as well as their likelihood of being parasitized. We present preliminary data from our ongoing project evaluating these questions. Results from our study will enhance our understanding of the ecology and evolution of organisms that feed in concealed environments, particularly behavioral adaptations that may increase their fitness.