Plant-Insect Ecosystems
10-Minute Paper
James D. Crall
Assistant Professor
University of Wisconsin
Madison, Wisconsin
August Easton-Calabria
Assistant Researcher
University of Wisconsin
Madison, Wisconsin
Brett J. Graham
Neuroengineer
Harvard University
Cambridge, Massachusetts
Cassandra Pasadyn
University of Wisconsin
Madison, Wisconsin
Matthew A. Smith
University of Wisconsin
Madison, Wisconsin
Evan Hockridge
Harvard University
Cambridge, Massachusetts
Andrew Davies
Harvard University
Cambridge, Massachusetts
Benjamin de Bivort
Harvard University
Cambridge, Massachusetts
Interactions between plants and pollinators vary significantly in both space and time. Recent work has shown, for example, that plant pollinator networks show significantly flexibility over short time scales (e.g. days or weeks). Such fine-scale investigations of interaction networks could impact our understanding of their structure, function, and dynamics. However, generating empirical data on interactions between plants and pollinators at high spatial and temporal resolution remains a significant challenge. Here, we describe an approach for automated monitoring of floral visitation in the field. Our system uses deep-learning-based detection to perform real-time monitoring of floral visitation and is implemented on low-cost, open-source, field-deployable hardware. We used this system to monitor plant-pollinator interactions for nearly two months in an urban meadow in Boston, MA using 60 cameras. Combined with high-resolution mapping of dynamic changes in floral resources using drone imagery, we use this system to describe fine-scale spatial and temporal variation in interactions between pollinators and flowering plants, including the impacts of local resource abundance and fluctuating weather conditions. Finally, we assess the potential for using rapidly emerging tools in deep learning, computer vision, and open-source hardware for improving our understanding of the structure and function of plant-pollinator interaction networks.