How do root-knot nematodes influence the preference and performance of Colorado potato beetles?

Although they are spatially separated, insect herbivores aboveground and plant-parasitic nematodes belowground frequently coexist and interact through changes to the host plant. Nematodes are known to alter plant defensive chemistry, both internally and through volatile signals; insect herbivores can sense this variation in quality, which can influence host choice of larvae and adults. We used laboratory experiments with two varieties of potato (Solanum tuberosum) with different chemical defense profiles to investigate the effects of root knot nematodes (Meloidogyne hapla) on the preference and performance of larval and adult Colorado potato beetles (Leptinotarsa decemlineata), one of the most economically important insect pests of potato. Understanding these interactions will ultimately help improve management strategies of pests above- and belowground.