Immune-related transcripts, microbiota and vector competence differ in dengue infected geographically distinct Aedes aegypti populations

Vector competence in Aedes aegypti is influenced by various factors and, by recognizing what affects virus and mosquito interactions, crucial new control methods can be developed. Here we used three geographically distinct Ae. aegypti populations and compared their susceptibility to infection by dengue virus (DENV). To identify the population differences, we screened immune-related genes and microbiota which might contribute to the uniqueness in competency. The results from the DENV competence study revealed a refractory population (Vilas do Atlântico), a susceptible population (Vero), and a low transmission population (California). The immune-related transcripts were highly expressed but not in the refractory population. However, the Rel-1 gene upregulated after blood-feeding in the Vilas do Atlântico population suggesting involvement in non-viral responses, such as response to microbiota. The bacteria, yeast, and flaviviruses screening showed differences between populations and could be one of the factors that influences vector competence. All in all, we revealed factors that might impact the virus and mosquito interactions and potentially contribute to refractoriness in Aedes aegypti.