Noval acaricidal efficacy of silver nanoformulations of Commiphora Molmol and Zingiber Officinale using laser ablation against the camel tick, Hyalomma  Dromedarii (Ixodida: Ixodidae)

Emerging acaricide resistance urged the use of novel eco-friendly acaricides. The efficacy of the aqueous extracts of myrrh, Commiphora molmol, (AME) and ginger, Zingiber officinale (AGE), and their green synthesized silver nitrate (AgNP) nanoparticles though subjecting to laser ablation for 10 and 20 minutes, called NME10, NME20, NGE10, and NGE20, respectively, against the camel tick, Hyalomma dromedarii through adult immersion bioassays. Biosynthesized AgNP was characterized by UV–visible spectrophotometry, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Chemical profile of the extracts, AME and NME20 indicated that the phenol contents were 44.68±0.31 and 19.93 ±0.07 mg gallic acid /g DW, while the flavonoid contents were 30.20±0.19 and 8.45±0.10 mg quercetin/g DW, respectively. Total tannins were found only in AME (6.50±0.33 mg gallic acid / g DW). Z. officinale AgNP possessed higher contents of plant extract (phenols and flavonoids). Mortalities, 96 and 84.01%, were reached 15 days post-treatment (PT) with AME and AGE, respectively, whereas 100% mortifies were reached 9 and 12 days PT with NME10 and NGE10 and 7 and 9 days (PT) with NME20 and NGE20, respectively. Three and nine days PT with NME10, the lethal concentrations 50, LC50, values were 5.21 and 2.34%, respectively. Meanwhile, LC50 values of NGE10 were 7.93 and 2.49%, respectively. The corresponding data indicated that the LC50 of NME20 was 3.135 and 0.604 %, whereas those of NGE20 were 8.335 and 0.882%, respectively. This study validated the novel uses of myrrh and ginger and their silver nanoformulations against H. dromedarii, as alternative agents for tick control.