D3062: Examining potential trade-offs between pest management and pollination to sunflower yield in Nebraska

Sunflower, Helianthus annuus L. (Asterales: Asteraceae), is endemic to the United States and is cultivated in the Great Plains for seed and oil production. Seed quality is affected by insect pests such as the red sunflower seed weevil (Smicronyx fulvus LeConte) and the sunflower moth (Homoeosoma electellum Hulst). Both insect pests are effectively and routinely managed using insecticides. However, insecticide use can also reduce bee populations and consequently influence yield potential. Sunflowers are largely self-pollinated; however, insect pollination can increase yield. In this study, we evaluate the interaction between insecticide application, pest control, and bee pollination in sunflower. On-farm field trials were established on two farms as well as small-plot studies were established in western Nebraska to evaluate this interaction and to explore management strategies. Bee abundance and richness, pollinator visitation rates, pest incidence, and sunflower injury and yield will be measured. These results could help growers and pest managers reduce insecticide input and maximize yield while conserving native bee populations in Nebraska.